| Nineteenth Century Plants
1800-1899
FIRST HALF 1800-1850
Country gardens from 1800-1850 remained essentially loyal to the 18th century plan, but a departure was seen in the urban areas, and in well-to-do households. Changes included a greater fluidity of line in the seting and shape of the flower beds. Arabesques, ovals and circles took the place of squares and rectangles. The flower garden was fairly distinct from the kitchen garden, which was now banished to the rear of the house grounds. Flowers could be grown for beauty alone as the need to produce all the household supplies had diminished. Exciting new plants were being developed, and plant exploration was stepped up in western North America and around the world, leading to a broader interest in flower gardening. Fences remained necessary, but were to be as unobtrusive as possible. Summerhouses and bowers were a common feature, s the garden was now seen as a pleasure ground.
| Plants | Plants
|
| Buttercup, Double Creeping Ranunculus repens | Morning Glory Iopmcea tricolor |
| Calliopsis Coreopsis tinctoria | Mountain Bluet Centaurea Montana |
| China Aster Callistephus chinensis | Oxlip Primula elatior |
| Conefloewr, Narrow-leaf Echinacea angust. | Pink Turtlehead Chelone oblique |
| Coneflower, Purple Echinacea purpurea | Polyanthus ‘Gold-laced’ Primula poly. |
| Cranesbill, Bigroot Geranium mcorrhizum | Primrose ‘Hose-in-Hose’ Primula v. var |
|
| Cranesbill, Bloody G. sanguineum | Purple Toadflax Linaria purpurea |
| Cranesbill, Meadow G. pretense | Purple Mullein Verbascum phoenicium |
| Creeping Phlox Phlos stolonifera | Scottish Blubell Campannula rotundifolia |
| Dane’s Blood Campanula glomerata | Smooth Phlox Phlox glaberrimatriflora |
| False Indigo Baptisia australis | Spider Flower Cleome hasslerana |
| Foxglove, Rusty Digitalis ferruginea | Spike Speedwell Veronica spicata |
| Foxglove, Straw Digitalis lutea | Sundrops Oenothera fruticosa |
| Fringed Pink Dianthus superbus | Sylvan Goatsbeard Aruncus Sylvester |
| Globe Centaurea Centaurea macrocephala | Tassel-flower Emilia javanica |
| Globe Flower Trollius europaeus | Woolly Speedwell Veronica incana |
| Great Flowered Lavatera Lavatera thuringiaca |
| Heath Aster Aster ericoides |
| Hollyhock, Black Alcea rosea nigra |
| Hollyhock, Fig Alcea ficifolia |
| Jupiter’s bEard Centranthus rubber |
| Lavatera Lavatera trimestris |
| Maiden Pink Dianthus deltoids |
SECOND HALF 1850-1899
The period from 1850 to 1900 was one of eclecticism, and many different garden styles were seen, such as the Colonial, Oriental, Italianate and French styles. With the advent of cast iron, large greenhouses and ornamental fences, statuary and fountains became feasible and relatively cheap. Wooden rustic-style gazebos and benches were also common. The taste in plants now ran to the exotic, bold, and excessive – the more variegated, double and tender, the better! Many new plants were coming in from around the world. Battalions of nurseries, gardening magazines and seed companies were springing into existence. Carpet bedding, in which thousands of colorful plants were massed in representative patterns, was common. In general, the flower beds wee scattered about the property, and designed for public display. In deed, after 1870 fences were regarded as antisocial and undemocratic, and were swept away whenever possible. People had more time and money to pursue gardening, and it was considered a genteel and suitable hobby for gentlewomen. Towards the end of the century, there was the inevitable reaction against the effort and expense of bedding out plants, and here arose the first fashion for wild flower gardens, the nostalgic Grandmother’s Gardens, and the first steps towards our modern perennial borders.
| Plants | Plants
|
| Black Snakeroot Cimicifuga racemosa | Hollyhock, Double Alcea rosea var. |
| Blue Flax Linum perenne | Hosta species Hosta |
| Blue Lungwort Pulmonaria angustifolia | Hungarian Speedwell Veronica latifolia |
| Blue Sage Salvia superba | Iberian Cranesbill Geranium ibericum |
| Boltonia Boltonia asteroids | Kansas Gayfeather Liatris pycnostachya |
| Canada Anemone Anemne Canadensis | Meadowsweet, Dougle Filipendula vulg. |
| Caster Bean Ricinus communis | Monkshood, Azure Aconitum carmichaelii |
| Cup and Saucer Vine Cobaea scandens | Monkshood, Bicolor Aconitum nap. Bicolor |
| Daylily, Dumortier’s Hemerocallis spp. | Mourning Bride Scabiosa caucasica |
| Dougle Towny, Middendorff’s Thunberg’s | Mullein, Nettle-leaf & Moth Verbascum sp. |
| Delphiniums Delphinnum spp. | New England Aster Aster novae-angliae |
| Dusky Cranesbill Geranium phaeum | Old-fashioned Bleeding Heart Dicentra sp. |
| Dusty Meadow Rue Thalictrum speciosisimum | Oregon Fleabane Erigeron speciosus |
| Flowering Tobaco Nicotiana spp. | Peonies Paeonia vars. |
| Foxglove, Greek Digitalis lanata | Persian Centaurea Centaurea dealbata |
| Foxglove, Yelloe Digitalis grandiflora | Phlox, Tall Garden Phlox paniculata |
| Fringecup Tellisma grandiflora | Plume Poppy Macleaya cordata |
| Gentian Speedwell Veronica gentianoides | Poppies, Icelandic & Shirley Papver spp. |
| Golden Glow. Rudbeckia laciniata var. | Primroses: Himalayan & Siebold’s Primula |
| Gooseneck Lysimachia clethorides | Sand Pink Dianthus arenarius |
| Green-headed Coneflower Rudbeckia sp. | Scottis Thistle Onopordon acanthium |
| Heartleaf Brunnera Brunnera macrophylla | Yarrow, Golden Achillea filipendulma |
| Heliopsis, Sunflowr Heliopsis scabra | Yarrow, Siberian Achillea siberica |
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